Event Report – Beyond the Birthing Chamber: Alternative Public Services of Midwives in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Reported by Yuting Zeng, class of 2026.

On the evening of April 25, 2025, the Female+__ reading group sponsored by DKU Humanities Research Center hosted a lecture titled “Beyond the Birthing Chamber: Alternative Public Services of Midwives in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,” delivered by Professor Yue Gu from the History Department at Shanghai University and attended by over 30 students and faculty members. Professor Gu holds a B.S. degree from Northeastern University (NEU) in Boston, as well as MPhil and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Hong Kong. Her research focuses on gender history, social medical history, and the history of emotions in Ming-Qing China.

The lecture sought to expand the conventional understanding of midwives in late imperial China. Existing scholarship has primarily framed midwives within the context of childbirth and reproductive care, often overshadowed by male physicians’ writings on women’s health. In contrast, Professor Gu shifted the focus beyond the birthing chamber, revealing the wide array of public services midwives provided, including verifying chastity, determining sex, conducting autopsies, and caring for female criminals.

Professor Gu began by addressing the gendered construction of medical knowledge, noting that despite the dominance of male-authored medical texts, female practitioners occupied crucial spaces of practical authority. She traced the historical record of midwives back to the Yuan dynasty, referencing Nancun chuogenglu 南村辍耕录 (Notes from the Southern Village After Laying Down the Plow), and explained the classification of midwives (wenpo 稳婆 in Chinese) among the so-called sangu liupo姑六婆 (lit. three aunties and six mother-in-law), a phrase that reflects their entrenched role in community life.

Moving into specific examples, Professor Gu detailed the procedures midwives performed in legal and forensic contexts. In cases of verifying chastity for deceased women, as recorded in Xiyuan jilu洗冤集录 (Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified) by Song Ci 宋慈 (11861249), midwives were entrusted with delicate examinations whose outcomes could significantly affect familial and social reputations. Additionally, midwives served in judicial contexts involving pregnant female criminals; according to The Great Ming Code, if a condemned woman was found pregnant, her execution would be postponed until 100 days after childbirth, a process that necessitated midwives’ expert intervention.

Throughout her lecture, Professor Gu highlighted the paradox inherent in midwives’ societal position: while their authority derived from their intimate knowledge of the female body, their professional legitimacy was often undermined by deeply ingrained gender hierarchies. Their labor straddled the boundary between private and public realms, medical and legal spheres, revealing the complex negotiations of gender, expertise, and social trust in late imperial Chinese society.

The lecture concluded with a dynamic and thought-provoking Q&A session. Participants from diverse academic backgrounds engaged in lively discussions that expanded the lecture’s core themes. Questions explored issues such as the intersection of gendered labor and professional recognition, comparisons between midwifery practices in China and other cultural contexts, and the broader implications of bodily authority in historical and contemporary frameworks. Professor Gu offered incisive responses, further deepening the audience’s understanding of the material.

The event not only illuminated the alternative roles midwives played in history, but also opened a vibrant interdisciplinary dialogue about how bodily knowledge, gendered professions, and public service intersect and evolve across time. Through her insightful lecture and engaged conversation, Professor Gu invited the audience to reconsider the boundaries between medicine, law, and society in the Ming and Qing dynasties—and beyond.

HRC Call for Proposals

The DKU Humanities Research Center (HRC) invites proposals from all DKU faculty and affiliates working on humanities-related projects. Projects should be based at DKU and/or connect Duke and DKU faculty. Proposals should be sent to Fei Xu at fx20@duke.edu by June 1, 2025.

 

All approved projects should be completed by June 30, 2026.

  • Small Events
  • Large Events
  • Humanities Labs
  • Book Manuscript Workshops
  • HUM Space Exhibits
  • Duke-DKU Collaborative Research Initiatives

Small Events

The HRC is soliciting proposals for small-scale events, which could take the form of workshops, reading groups, film screenings and discussions, excursions, and so forth. Experimentation and innovation are encouraged, and applications may be submitted by either individuals or by groups of collaborators. All DKU faculty affiliates may apply. The maximum contribution from the HRC for each small event is $5,000.

Large Events

The HRC invites proposals for large-scale events, which could take the form of a workshop, a lecture series, a curatorial project, etc. Experimentation and innovation are encouraged, and applications may be submitted by either individuals or by groups of collaborators. All DKU faculty affiliates may apply. The maximum contribution from the HRC for a large event is $15,000.

Humanities Labs

The HRC invites proposals from faculty interested in hosting a Humanities Lab. The Lab will receive funding of up to $15,000 per year, to fund activities relevant to the Lab’s theme. The Lab will start in Fall 2025 and will initially be funded for one year, with a possible renewal for a second or third year.

Modelled very loosely on science labs, Humanities Labs are relatively small-scale and short-term entities that permit faculty to organize activities and research initiatives around a specific theme. The theme may be a contemporary concern that is currently receiving significant attention, or it could be an interdisciplinary topic that touches on a variety of different fields. Each Lab will be given an annual budget with which to organize activities and sponsor research initiatives relevant to the lab’s theme. Each Lab should involve both students and faculty. Research initiatives that involve cooperative work between students and faculty that can lead towards signature work projects are particularly encouraged.

Each Humanities Lab will have:

  • Two or three co-directors (though other faculty may also be involved)
  • A theme that will appeal to a significant number of DKU students and faculty
  • A plan to involve both students and faculty.

All DKU and Duke faculty and affiliates are eligible to apply, but all Labs must have at least one director who is a DKU faculty person. The Lab must be based at DKU, and should emphasize disciplines associated with the humanities, interpretive social sciences, and/or the creative arts.

Book Manuscript Workshops

The HRC invites proposals for faculty book manuscript workshops, which provide a structure for generating constructive, informed criticism on near-final book manuscripts. The objective of a manuscript workshop is to take a book manuscript that is already in very good shape, and to offer suggestions on how to take it to the next level. The HRC will provide up to $5,000 to organize a workshop that will include experts in the field, and potentially an editor from a major scholarly press. During the half-day workshop, participants will offer constructive advice on how improve the manuscript. The HRC will handle relevant logistics for each workshop. DKU faculty who expect to complete a book manuscript by Spring 2026 may apply.

HUM Space Exhibits

The HRC invites proposals for exhibits to take place in the HUM Space (AB1075A). The Center can provide funding between $1000 and $3000 per exhibit, which will cover the costs of student curators and exhibit material. Experimentation and innovation are encouraged, and applications may be submitted by either individuals or by groups of collaborators. All DKU and Duke faculty affiliates may apply. Please feel free to reach out to the HRC co-directors for advice on the budget proposal, if needed.

Initiatives

The HRC invites proposals for other Humanities-related initiatives that do not fall neatly into any of the preceding categories. Each Initiative must include at least one DKU faculty affiliate as co-director, and the annual budget should be under $10K (and, in most cases, significantly less). Please contact HRC co-directors to discuss potential ideas.

Duke-DKU Collaborative Research Projects 

The HRC invites proposals for collaborative research projects involving a combination of Duke and DKU faculty and which engage with the Humanities, broadly understood. Projects must include both Duke and DKU faculty, and ones that also involve students are encouraged. Applicants may request up to $10,000 per project.

 

Proposal requirements, for all categories: Each proposal (max 5 pages, single-spaced) should include a title, a description of the topic/research question, a summary of the activities to be undertaken, a list of the applicants and collaborators to be invited (with brief bios), a description of anticipated outcomes, and a budget. Please specify if you have applied—or anticipate applying—to any other source for funding for the proposed project (please identify the source and the amount of funding requested).

Additional instructions for book manuscript workshop proposals: A complete proposal should include a title, a synopsis of the book project, a draft of the introduction, a short CV of the applicant, a list of suggested invitees (including both scholars, local participants, and press editor, if any).

Please submit proposals by June 1, 2025 to Fei (Faye) Xu: fei.xu1@dukekunshan.edu.cn.

Nighthawks screening: Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009)

When: Thursday May 1, 8:08 pm

Location: IB 1008

Nighthawks will screen Fantastic Mr. Fox by the American filmmaker Wes Anderson. Come see the adventures of Mr. Fox through a world of farms run by his human neighbors.

Snacks & light refreshments will be served!

Student Report on Having it All: Understanding Work & Family Dynamics in Contemporary Korea

By Nathan Franco, Class of 2028.

On Monday, April 15th, 2025, two DKU faculty and 32 students gathered in person or via Zoom for a discussion on Work and Family Dynamics in Contemporary Korea, a research paper conducted by Hyeyoung Woo, a Professor of Sociology at Portland State University, in collaboration with colleagues from Seoul University, Pennsylvania University, among other Universities. The research aimed to determine the gap in health in age groups 18-29, 30-49, and 50-65 (working age) considering three factors: education, employment, and family formations. The research question is, does the association between gender and Self-Reported Health (SRH) vary across Korea, the United States, and Finland? The discussion began with background information.

Professor Woo first explains Korea’s educational background: Tertiary education is beyond secondary education. Overall, there has been an increasing trend in education in Korea over time. Professor Woo then showed a graph that showed education attainment in Korea going from 20% to 70%. In addition, Professor Woo shared that from the 1970s to 2020, the employment trend of men and women increased. But when you look at the rate of married males and females, women fall short compared to men. However, the increase of unmarried individuals in 2020 is almost equal among males and females. Globally, Korea also “excels” in the gender wage gap, which the OECD graph shows is about 30%, which means women make 70% less than employed males. Furthermore, Korea’s total fertility rate is below 1, which means that Korean females are expected to have less than one child. The size of the population over time will, therefore, continuously shrink. A low total fertility rate isn’t unique to Korea, but Korea is the only country below 1 in fertility rate. That said, when Koreans have children, they tend to put a lot of work into that child (expenditure on private education and more).

After conducting her research, Professor Woo made the following findings:

  1. In Korea, the highest gender gap in SRH is observed, especially among young and middle-aged Koreans.
  2. Women in the United States also experience a health disadvantage relative to men. However, this disadvantage in the United States is smaller than the disadvantage in Korea, and covariates, including family formation and employment, explain the disadvantage among middle-aged and older American women.
  3. In Finland, the health disadvantage among women is only observed among young adults, and in fact, among middle-aged and older adults, women tend to have higher levels of health than men do.

Professor Woo concluded that gender differences in health are highly contingent on an individual’s social location within a specific country and cross-national variations in work cultures, family practices, and work-family policy.

However, after conducting her research, Professor Woo felt that another round of research, specifically on Korea, was needed. Her summary of her findings is as follows.

Most young adults in Korea tend to work first and have a family later, or work without a family. A conclusion from the findings is that both employed men and women that marry later in their life and remain married, in addition to having children tends to lead to the best health outcomes. On the other hand, those with limited employment and negligible family formation pathways appear to be the most vulnerable. However, despite high work-family incompatibility and the rise of being single and childless in recent years, both work and family are still protective for health. For men, marriage and children provide additional health advantages beyond employment.

Lastly, we wrapped up with a short Q&A.

Q&A:

Q: This research is wide in scope; how can we explore the causal relationship (social factors and health outcomes) between the factors in Korea?

A: This is a challenging problem in the social sciences. There is a tendency that when you have a higher education, you will also make a greater amount of money, but this isn’t necessarily causation.  When considering current health outcomes, we consider the past because we know that education comes first. So, health isn’t going to cause education, but rather, education may be a cause of health.

Student Report on Reading Group for “Embracing Diversity: Developing Cultural Competence for Inclusive Education”

By Yaxuan Wang, Class of 2027

On April 17 2025, DKU faculty, staff, and students convened for our latest reading group session focusing on “Embracing Diversity: Developing Cultural Competence for Inclusive Education.” This session fostered an important dialogue centred on the intersections of disability and LGBTQ+ identities.

The session began with a reflection on the DKU’s recent Disabilities Week, providing context for the ensuing discussion. Participants then engaged with the week’s reading, “Because it’s who I am’: self-determination of LGBTQ adults with intellectual disability”, exploring themes relevant to the experiences of individuals navigating both disability and LGBTQ+ identity.

Facilitated by Dr. Zhenjie Weng and Dr. Yanan Zhao, the conversation covered a range of related topics. Participants discussed current issues surrounding disabilities, including challenges related to ADHD. The discussion then broadened to encompass the experiences of the LGBTQ+ community, specifically considering the unique perspectives and challenges faced by individuals at the intersection of these identities. An important part of the conversation focused on understanding and supporting the partners of individuals with disabilities within the LGBTQ+ context. The group emphasized the need for greater understanding, empathy, and inclusive support systems.

The event was organized by Dr. Zhenjie Weng, Assistant Professor of English Language Education, and Dr. Yanan Zhao, Senior Lecturer of English for Academic Purposes, from the Language and Culture Center, and was sponsored by the Humanities Research Center. Student worker Yaxuan Wang contributed to the planning and success of the event.

Student Report on the Eco-Emancipation Conference

Reported by Cody Schmidt, class of 2025, and Grace Kelly, class of 2025

DKU’s Eco-Emancipation conference gathered international scholars to explore approaches to environmental justice, rights of nature, and themes in human-environment relationality. Through lectures, discussion, and spirited debates, participants imagined liberation beyond modern anthropocentric frameworks.

The Humanities Research Center held a three-day conference titled “Eco-Emancipation: Reimagining Sustainability, Justice, and Liberation” from April 10th to 12th. Hosted by DKU professors Quinlan Bowman and Robin Rodd, the conference brought together a number of scholars—both in-person and virtual—from across the globe to discuss novel ideas concerning the rights of nature, bioculturalism, and the interconnectedness between humans and their environment.
The conference drew its name and themes from a recently published book by Sharon Krause, a professor of political science at Brown University, titled Eco-Emancipation: An Earthly Politics of Freedom. In her book, Krause offers a political framework for environmental justice and argues for greater constraints on domination and exploitation, both regarding humans and what she refers to as the “more-than-human,” topics which were referenced throughout the conference.
Keynote speaker Robyn Eckersley (University of Melbourne) opened the conference on April 10th with a lecture tracing the history of non-anthropocentric political theories, from early religion-inspired stewardship to modern legislative methods. Eckersley’s address set the stage for the days ahead, followed by an opening reception and a student panel on eco-emancipation and sustainability.

Sharon Krause began the first full day of speakers with an overview and expansion on the themes of her book. Speaking via Zoom, she built upon the need for a non-anthropocentric transition and recognition of nature’s rights through its representation in political systems. Renee Richer (DKU) spoke next, exploring the colonial history of invasive species, followed by Robyn Eckersley, who spoke on the practice of eco-emancipation and its tangible processes and outcomes. Joining virtually, Alf Hornberg (Lund University) discussed the need for humans to reorient their actions and thoughts in response to a rapidly changing biosphere, adapting to match the seriousness of the climate crisis. Lisa Ellis (University of Otago) and Marion Hourdequin (Colorado College), both joining online as well, presented ideas for achieving a post-extractivist, eco-emancipatory world. Ellis analyzed New Zealand’s rights of nature legislation, and Hourdequin argued for the interpretation of certain ethical choices as political. Hans Baer (University of Melbourne) closed this day of lectures with a critique of the aviation industry and its effects on the environment.

The final day began with co-host Robin Rodd detailing biocultural efforts in the Paraguay-Paraná watershed, where a collective of Argentinian activists is creating economic and social empowerment for communities. Miguel Rojas-Sotelo (Duke University) and Isabel Altamirano-Jimenez (University of Alberta) spoke on indigenous cosmologies and associated rejections of anthropocentrism in favor of eco-relationality. Rowan Alcock (Tsinghua University) presented his current project on post-growth values in Chinese communities, primarily through the care of collectives. Eben Kirksey (University of Oxford) spoke on how social inequities and exploitative industry practices shape humans’ vulnerability to viruses, drawing lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. The conference concluded with co-host Quinlan Bowman’s preview of his forthcoming paper, which interrogates the idea of a societal “overlapping consensus” on eco-emancipation as presented by Krause.

Each talk was followed by a Q&A, during which lively, stimulating debates engaged guest scholars, DKU professors, and students in discussion. The result was a dynamic exchange of ideas from global yet intersecting perspectives, leaving participants eager to continue to reimagine what true sustainability and eco-emancipation might look like.

DKU professor named Guggenheim Fellow in foundation’s 100th year

 

Travis Wilkerson, filmmaker and associate professor of documentary practice at Duke Kunshan University, has been named a 2025 Guggenheim Fellow, joining one of the most prestigious fellowships in the arts and humanities in the foundation’s milestone 100th year.

“I had a mixture of feelings,” Wilkerson said of learning the news. “Excitement, relief and a sense of recognition — especially because my career path has been somewhat unorthodox. I also felt proud to have accomplished this as a member of DKU, and hopeful that it brings attention to the work we’re all doing here.”

 

Wilkerson, one of 198 recipients selected from nearly 3,500 applicants across 53 disciplines, plans to use the fellowship to pursue two major projects. One will revisit his earlier documentary “An Injury to One,” which chronicled the 1917 lynching of labor organizer Frank Little in his hometown of Butte, Montana. It was named one of the best avant-garde films of the decade by Film Comment and a “political-cinema landmark” by the Los Angeles Times.

“The original film didn’t really explore who Frank Little was or how he ended up in Butte,” Wilkerson said. “That story is quite remarkable. I’d like to return to it — not just as a prequel, but as a kind of postscript as well.”

His second project will explore how leftist European filmmakers, including Chris Marker, Michelangelo Antonioni and Joris Ivens, portrayed China during the 1950s to 1970s.

“These films are complex and received very mixed responses in China,” he said. “I want to understand what they got right, what they missed and why the reaction was so layered.”

He plans to begin with Antonioni’s work, which was partially filmed in nearby Suzhou.

This exploration also reflects Wilkerson’s deep connection to China, which he calls the main influence on his work. “The transformation here is breathtaking — no equal in human history,” he said. “There’s a clear gaze toward the future. That same spirit exists at DKU. It’s incredibly meaningful to contribute to something that’s just getting started and will only grow stronger.”

 

Though his approach to filmmaking is modest and self-driven, the results are anything but. “I decide what I want to make. I decide where to place the camera. I speak my own mind. Those are huge privileges,” he said. “With today’s tools, you can make something visually beautiful on a shoestring.”

That hands-on spirit also shapes his work in the classroom. “My filmmaking makes my teaching better, and my teaching makes my filmmaking stronger,” he said.

His recent project with comedian Matt Barats involved DKU students as both cast and crew — what he calls his “most experiential class yet.” Wilkerson said the experience reinforced the value of integrating teaching and creative work. With the Guggenheim Fellowship, he hopes to take that model even further, especially as he explores foreign films about China.

“It would be really useful for the students and make a much better, more honest film too,” he said.

Wilkerson’s filmmaking journey began unexpectedly, sparked by a chance encounter with a funeral march for Armenian filmmaker Sergei Parajanov in 1990. Another twist of fate led him to Cuban film legend Santiago Álvarez, whose mentorship inspired Wilkerson’s first film.

“That whole experience was some sort of a miracle,” he said. “Really. It was my first film education, and the best.”

 

When asked what advice he’d give to young artists trying to tell bold or unconventional stories, he said:

“Trust your personal experience as being good enough, meaningful enough. Even if you only write a single line in the ‘book’ of cinema, make that single line as luminous and singular as possible.”

Wilkerson often encourages young artists to trust the value of their own experiences, no matter how local or personal they may seem.

“I had a professor when I was in college who claimed Chekhov, the Russian writer, said, ‘If you wish to attract the attention of the world, describe your tiny village in precise detail.’ I’ve searched and searched for this quote and it now seems apocryphal, but I still believe the idea was correct.”

 

At DKU, he teaches documentary film, the videographic essay and docu-fiction. His films have screened at hundreds of venues and festivals worldwide, including Berlin, Sundance, Toronto and Locarno. The New Yorker included “Did You Wonder Who Fired the Gun?” in its 2022 list of “Sixty-Two Films That Shaped the Art of Documentary Filmmaking.”

Wilkerson holds a bachelor’s degree in literature and creative writing from the University of Michigan and a Master of Fine Arts in filmmaking from CalArts.

As part of its centennial, the Guggenheim Foundation will also open a special exhibit this fall in partnership with the New-York Historical Society, showcasing rarely seen works from a century of fellows.

Founded in 1925, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation has supported more than 19,000 scholars, artists and thinkers. Fellows are awarded funding to pursue independent work “under the freest possible conditions.”

DKU Film Society Presents: A Special Outdoor Screening of Metropolis (1927)

Step back in time to experience one of cinema’s most iconic films. Metropolis is a visionary sci-fi epic set in a dystopian city divided by class struggle, and its stunning imagery continues to influence filmmaking today. Watch it the way it was originally meant to be seen — outdoors, after dark, with a live, improvisational piano score performed by two talented pianists

 

We’re making it a full evening of fun and community:

– Buffet-style tea break before and during the screening

– Board games, card games, spikeball, and cornhole on the lawn

– Custom DKU Film Society blankets to keep you cozy (limited supply — first come, first serve)

Location: Lawn in front of CCTE

Date: Wednesday, April 23

Time: 19:00

 

~ Free and open to all ~

Come early, bring friends, enjoy food, games, and a timeless film experience under the stars ✨

Superdeep Nighthawks presents: Flow (2024)

Nighthawks will screen Flow (2024) by the Latvian director Gints Zilbalodis. Come to see the adventures of a cat as it navigates a world with drastically rising water levels.

When: 8:08 pm, Apr 24 (Thu)

Location: IB 1008

Light refreshments will be served!

The Life and Legacy of Pope Francis

When: Tuesday April 29, 12:00-1:30pm

Location: Performance Cafe

You are warmly invited to attend a panel discussion on the life and legacy of Pope Francis on Tuesday April 29, 2025, 12:00-1:30pm in the Performance Cafe. The panel will feature short presentations from DKU students and faculty reflecting on the personal, political, theological, and global impact of Pope Francis’s life and work.