2024

Band gap opening of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes via noncovalent symmetry breaking Francesco Mastrocinque, George Bullard, James A. Alatis, Joseph A. Albro, Animesh Nayak, Nicholas X. Williams, Amar Kumbhar, Hope Meikle, Zachary X. W. Widel, Yusong Bai, Alexis K. Harvey, Joanna M. Atkin, David H. Waldeck, Aaron D. Franklin, and Michael J. Therien, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

2023

Electron Spin Polarization and Rectification Driven by Chiral Perylene Diimide-Based Nanodonuts Chih-Hung Ko, Qirong Zhu, George Bullard, Francesco Tassinari, Mitsuhiko Morisue, Ron Naaman, and Michael J. Therien, J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

All-Carbon Thin-Film Transistors Using Water-Only Printing Shiheng Lu, Brittany N. Smith, Hope Meikle, Michael J. Therien, and Aaron D. Franklin, Nano Lett.

Synthesis and functionalization of electron-deficient perfluoroalkyl porphyrin building blocks for supermolecular systems Rui Liu, Jiaqi Zhu, Jeff Rawson, Lindsay R. Pederson, Victoria L. Cinnater, Jarrett P. Mansergh, and Michael J. Therien, J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines

2022

Ionic dielectrics for fully printed carbon nanotube transistors: impact of composition and induced stresses Brittany N. Smith, Hope Meikle, James L. Doherty, Shiheng Lu, Gianna Tutoni, Matthew L. Becker, Michael J. Therien, and Aaron D. Franklin, Nanoscale.

Regulating Singlet–Triplet Energy Gaps through Substituent-Driven Modulation of the Exchange and Coulomb Interactions Erin J. Peterson, Jeff Rawson, David N. Beratan, Peng Zhang, and Michael J. Therien, J. Am. Chem. Soc.

Synthetic Control of Exciton Dynamics in Bioinspired Cofacial Porphyrin Dimers Partha Pratim Roy, Sohang Kundu, Jesús Valdiviezo, George Bullard, James T Fletcher, Rui Liu, Shiun-Jr Yang, Peng Zhang, David N Beratan, Michael J Therien, Nancy Makri, Graham R Fleming, J. Am. Chem. Soc.

Twisted molecular wires polarize spin currents at room temperature Chih-Hung Ko, Qirong Zhu, Francesco Tassinari, George Bullard, Peng Zhang, David N. Beratan, Ron Naaman, and Michael J. Therien, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

2021

Spinning Molecules, Spinning Spins: Modulation of an Electron Spin Exchange Interaction in a Highly Anisotropic Hyperfine Field Alexander M. Brugh, Ruobing Wang, Michael J. Therien, Malcolm D.E. Forbes, ACS Omega

Excited-State Dynamics and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Hyperpolarizable Chromophores Based on Conjugated Bis(terpyridyl)Ru(II) and Palladium and Platinum Porphyrinic Components: Impact of Heavy Metals upon Supermolecular Electro-Optic Properties Animesh Nayak, Jaehong Park, Kurt De Mey, Xiangqian Hu, David N. Beratan, Koen Clays, and Michael J. Therien, Inorg. Chem.

EPR of Photoexcited Triplet-State Acceptor Porphyrins Ashley J. Redman, Gabriel Moise, Sabine Richert, Erin J. Peterson, William K. Myers, Michael J. Therien, and Christiane R. Timmel,  J. Phys. Chem. C

Printable and recyclable carbon electronics using crystalline nanocellulose dielectrics Nicholas X. Williams, George Bullard, Nathaniel Brooke, Michael J. Therien & Aaron D. Franklin, Nature Electronics

De Novo Design, Solution Characterization, and Crystallographic Structure of an Abiological Mn–Porphyrin-Binding Protein Capable of Stabilizing a Mn(V) Species Samuel I. Mann, Animesh Nayak, George T. Gassner, Michael J. Therien, and William F. DeGrado, J. Am. Chem. Soc.

2020

Driving high quantum yield NIR emission through proquinoidal linkage motifs in conjugated supermolecular arrays Erin J. Peterson, Wei Qi , Ian N. Stanton, Peng Zhang and Michael J. Therien Chem. Sci.

Topology, Distance, and Orbital Symmetry Effects on Electronic Spin–Spin Couplings in Rigid Molecular Systems: Implications for Long Distance Spin-Spin Interactions Ruobing Wang, Chih-Hung Ko, Alexander M. Brugh, Yusong Bai, Malcolm D. E. Forbes, and Michael J. Therien J. Phys. Chem. A

Electronic structure and photophysics of a supermolecular iron complex having a long MLCT-state lifetime and panchromatic absorption Ting Jiang, Yusong Bai, Peng Zhang, Qiwei Han, David B. Mitzi, and Michael J. Therien Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA

2019

Orientational Dependence of Cofacial Porphyrin-Quinone Electronic Interactions within the Strong Coupling Regime Youn K Kang, Peng Zhang, Igor V Rubtsov, Jieru Zheng, George Bullard, David N. Beratan, and Michael J. Therien J. Phys. Chem. B

Low-Resistance Molecular Wires Propagate Spin Polarized Currents George Bullard, Francesco Tassinari, Chih-Hung Ko, Amit Kumar Mondal, Ruobing Wang, Suryakant Mishra, Ron Naaman, Michael J. Therien, J. Am. Chem. Soc.

Mapping hole hopping escape routes in proteins Ruijie D. TeoRuobing WangElizabeth R. SmithwickAgostino MiglioreMichael J. Therien, and David N. Beratan., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.

Excitation energy-dependent photocurrent switching in a single-molecule photodiode, Bing Shan, Animesh Nayak, Olivia F. Williams, Dillon C. Yost, Nicholas F. Polizzi, Yanming Liu, Ninghao Zhou, Yosuke Kanai, Andrew M. Moran, Michael J. Therien, and Thomas J. Meyer., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.

Engineering opposite electronic polarization of singlet and triplet states increases the yield of high-energy photoproducts, Nicholas F. PolizziTing JiangDavid N. Beratan, and Michael J. Therien., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.

2018

Quantitative Evaluation of Optical Free Carrier Generation in Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Bai, Y.; Bullard, G.; Olivier, J.-H.; Therien, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b05598

Solvent- and Wavelength-Dependent Photoluminescence Relaxation Dynamics of Carbon Nanotube sp3 Defect States, He, X.; Velizhanin, K. A.; Bullard, G.; Bai, Y.; Olivier, J.-H.; Hartmann, N. F.; Gifford, B. J.; Kilina, S.; Tretiak, S.; Htoon, H.; Therien, M. J.; Doorn, S. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b02909

Dynamics of charged excitons in electronically and morphologically homogeneous single-walled carbon nanotubes, Bai, Y.; Olivier, J.-H.; Bullard, G.; Liu, C.; Therien, M. J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712971115

2017

Molecular Road Map to Tuning Ground State Absorption and Excited State Dynamics of Long-Wavelength Absorbers, Bai, Y.; Olivier, J.-H.; Yoo, H.; Polizzi, N. F.; Park, J.; Rawson, J.; Therien, M. J.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b09982

Additive engineering for high-performance room-temperature-processed perovskite absorbers with micron-size grains and microsecond-range carrier lifetimes, Han, Q.; Bai, Y.; Liu, J.; Du, K.-z.; Li, T.; Ji, D.; Zhou, Y.; Cao, C.; Shin, D.; Franklin, A. D.; Glass, J. T.; Hu, J.; Therien, M. J.; liu, J.; Mitzi, D. B. Energy Environ. Sci. 2017, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE02272G

NIR-emissive PEG-b-TCL Micelles for Breast Tumor Imaging and Minimally Invasive Pharmacokinetic Analysis, Hofmann, C. L.; O’Sullivan, M. C.; Detappe, A.; Yu, Y.; Qi W.; Landon C. D.; Therien, M. J.; Dewhirst M. W.; Ghoroghchian P. P.; Palmer G. M. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 13465-13476.

Controlling the excited-state dynamics of low band gap, near-infrared absorbers via proquinoidal unit electronic structural modulation, Bai, Y.; Rawson, J.; Roget, S. A.; Olivier, J.-H.; Lin, J.; Zhang, P.; Beratan, D. N.; Therien, M. J. Chem. Sci. 2017, 8, 5889-5901.

On the Importance of Electronic Symmetry for Triplet State Delocalization, Richert, S.; George, B.; Rawson, J.; Angiolillo, P. J.; Therien, M. J.; Timmel, C. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc 2017, 139, 5301–5304

Alkyne-Bridged Multi[Copper(II) Porphyrin] Structures: Nuances of Orbital Symmetry in Long-Range, Through-Bond Mediated, Iso-tropic Spin Exchange Interactions, Wang, R.; Brugh, A.; Rawson, P. J.; Therien, M. J.; Forbes, M. D. E.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 9759-9762.

Engineering High-Potential Photo-oxidants with Panchromatic Absorption, Jiang, T.; Polizzi, F. N.; Rawson, P. J.; Therien, M. J.J. Am. Chem. Soc 2017, 139, 8412–8415.

2016

Large Hyperpolarizabilities at Telecommunication-Relevant Wavelengths in Donor–Acceptor–Donor Nonlinear Optical Chromophores, Nayak, A.; Park, J.; De Mey, K.; Hu, X.; Duncan, T. V.; Beratan, D. N.; Clays, K.; Therien, M. J., ACS Cent Sci. 2016, 2, 954−966.

Photoinduced Electron Transfer Elicits a Change in the Static Dielectric Constant of a de Novo Designed Protein, Polizzi, N. F.; Eibling, M. J.; Perez-Aguilar, J. M.; Rawson, J.; Lanci, C. J.; Fry, H. C.; Beratan, D. N.; Saven, J. G.; Therien, M. J., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 2130−2133.

Valence Band Dependent Charge Transport in Bulk Molecular Electronic Devices Incorporating Highly Conjugated Multi-[(Porphinato) Metal] Oligomers, Bruce, R. C.; Wang, R.; Rawson, J.; Therien, M. J.; You, W., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 2078−2081.

First-order hyperpolarizabilities of chiral, polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes, Depotter, G.; Olivier, J.-H.; Glesner, M. G.; Deria, P.; Bai, Y.; Bullard, G.; Kumbhar, A. S.; Therien, M. J.; Clays, K., Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 12206-12209.

2015

Near-Infrared-to-Visible Photon Upconversion Enabled by Conjugated Porphyrinic Sensitizers under Low-Power Noncoherent Illumination, Olivier, J.-H.; Bai, Y.; Uh, H.; Yoo, H.; Therien, M. J.; Castellano, F. N., J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119, 5642-5649.

Electron Spin Relaxation of Hole and Electron Polarons in π-Conjugated Porphyrin Arrays: Spintronic Implications, Rawson, J.; Angiolillo, P. J.; Frail, P. R.; Goodenough, I.; Therien, M. J., J. Phys. Chem. B 2015, 119, 7681-76899.

Caging Metal Ions with Visible Light-Responsive Nanopolymersomes, Griepenburg, J. C.; Sood, N.; Vargo, K. B.; Williams, D.; Rawson, J.; Therien, M. J.; Hammer, D. A.; Dmochowski, I. J., Langmuir 2015, 31, 799-807.

2014

Fluence-Dependent Singlet Exciton Dynamics in Length-Sorted Chirality-Enriched Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes, J. Park, P. Deria, J.-H. Olivier, M. J. Therien, Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 504−511

One-Pot Solvothermal Synthesis of Highly Emissive, Sodium-codoped, LaF3 and BaLaF5 Core-Shell Upconverting Nanocrystals, J. T. Stecher, A. B. Rohlfing, M. J. Therien, Nanomaterials 2014, 4, 69-86

The Biochemistry and Theory of Proton Coupled Electron Transfer, A. Migliore, N. F. Polizzi, M. J. Therien, D. N. Beratan, Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 3381−3465

Europium- and Lithium-Doped Yttrium Oxide Nanocrystals that Provide a Linear Emissive Response with X-ray Radiation Exposure, I. N. Stanton, M. D. Belley, G. Nguyen, A. Rodrigues, Y. Li, D. G. Kirsch, T. T. Yoshizumi, M. J. Therien, Nanoscale 2014, 6, 5284 – 5288

Hapticity-Dependent Charge Transport through Carbodithioate-Terminated [5,15-Bis(phenylethynyl)porphinato]-zinc(II) Complexes in Metal-Molecule-Metal Junctions, Z. Li, M. Smeu, T.-H. Park, J. Rawson, Y. Xing, M. J. Therien, M. A. Ratner, E. Borguet, Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 5493−5499.

Potentiometric Properties, Steady State-, and Transient Absorption Spectroscopic Signatures of Oxidized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Helically Wrapped by Ionic, Semiconducting Polymers in Aqueous and Organic Media, P. Deria, J.-H. Olivier, J. Park, M. J. Therien, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 14193−14199.

Tailoring Porphyrin-based Electron Accepting Materials for Organic Photovoltaics, J. Rawson, A. C. Stuart, W. You, M. J. Therien, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 17561−17569

2013

Exploiting Plasmon Induced Hot Electrons in Molecular Electronic Devices, D. Conklin, S. Nanayakkara, T.-H. Park, M. F. Lagadec, J. T. Stetcher, X. Chen, M. J. Therien, D. A. Bonnell, ACS Nano, 2013, 7, 4479–4486

Raman Spectroscopic Investigation of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Helically Wrapped by Ionic, Semiconducting Polymers, S. Bonhommeau, P. Deria, M. G. Glesner, D. Talaga, S. Najjar, C. Belin, L. Auneau, S. Trainini, M. J. Therien, V. Rodriguez, J. Phys. Chem. C. 2013, 117, 14840−14849

Origins of the Helical Wrapping of Phenylene-Ethynylene Polymers about Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, C. D. Von Bargen, C. M. MacDermaid, O.-S. Lee, P. Deria, M. J. Therien, J. G. Saven, J. Phys. Chem. B. 2013, 117, 12953–12965

The Evolution of Spin Distribution in the Photoexcited Triplet State of Ethyne-Elaborated Porphyrins, P. J. Angiolillo, J. Rawson, P. R. Frail, M. J. Therien, Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 9722-9724.

Computational De Novo Design and Characterization of a Protein that Selectively Binds a Highly Hyperpolarizable Abiological Chromophore, H. C. Fry, A. Lehmann, L. E. Sinks, I. Asselberghs, A. Tronin, V. Krishnan, J. K. Blasie, K. Clays, W. F. DeGrado, J. G. Saven, M. J. Therien, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 13914−13926.

Aqueous Self-Assembly of Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) Copolymers: Disparate Diblock Copolymer Compositions Give Rise to Nano- and Meso-Scale Bilayered Vesicles, W. Qi, P. P. Ghoroghchian, G. Li, D. A. Hammer, M. J. Therien, Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 10908−10915.

Ionic Self-Assembly Provides Dense Arrays of Individualized, Aligned Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes, J.-H. Olivier, P. Deria, J. Park, A. Kumbhar, M. Andrian-Albescu, M. J. Therien, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 13080-13085

Single-Handed Helical Wrapping of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Chiral, Ionic, Semiconducting Polymers, P. Deria, C. D. Von Bargen, J.-H. Olivier, A. S. Kumbhar, J. G. Saven, M. J. Therien, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 16220−16234

2012

Acentric 2-D Ensembles of D-br-A Electron-Transfer Chromophores via Vectorial Orientation within Amphiphilic n-Helix Bundle Peptides for Photovoltaic Device Applications, J. Koo, J. Park, A. Tronin, R. Zhang, V. Krishnan, J. Strzalka, I. Kuzmenko, H. C. Fry, M. J. Therien, J. K. Blasie, Langmuir 2012, 28, 3227–3238.

Design of Coupled Porphyrin Chromophores with Unusually Large Hyperpolarizability, N. Jiang, G. Zuber, S. Keinan, A. Nayak, W. Yang, M. J. Therien, D. N. Beratan, J. Phys. Chem. C. 2012, 116, 9724–9733

Electronic Transport in Porphyrin Supermolecule-Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies, D. Conklin, S. Nanayakkara, T.-H. Park, M. F. Lagadec, J. T. Stetcher, M. J. Therien, D. A. Bonnell, Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 2414–2419.

Quasi-Ohmic Single Molecule Charge Transport through Highly Conjugated meso-to-meso Ethyne-Bridged Porphyrin Wires, Z. Li, T.-H. Park, J. Rawson, M. J. Therien, E. Borguet, Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 2722–2727

Effect of Solvent Polarity and Electrophilicity on Quantum Yields and Solvatochromic Shifts of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Photoluminescence, B. A. Larsen, P. Deria, J. M. Holt, I. N. Stanton, M. J. Heben, M. J. Therien, J. L. Blackburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 12485−12491

Upconversion Luminescence and X-Ray Excited Scintillation from Single-Composition Rare-Earth Doped Yttrium Oxide Nanocrystals, I. N. Stanton, J. A. Ayres, M. J. Therien, Dalton Trans. 2012, 41, 11576–11578.

2011

Dynamics and Transient Absorption Spectral Signatures of the Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Electronically Excited Triplet State, J. Park.; P. Deria, M. J. Therien, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, ASAP.

Sensing membrane stress with near IR-emissive porphyrins, N. P. Kamat, Z. Z. Liao, L. E. Moses, J. Rawson, M. J. Therien, I. J. Dmochowski, D. A. Hammer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011, 108, 13984-13989.

Two-Photon Absorption Properties of Proquinoidal D-A-D and A-D-A Quadrupolar Chromophores, K. Susumu, J. A. N. Fisher, J. R. Zheng, D. N. Beratan, A. G. Yodh, M. J. Therien, J. Phys. Chem. A 2011, 115, 5525-5539.

Structural and pH Dependence of Excited State PCET Reactions involving Reductive Quenching of the MLCT Excited State of Ru(II)(bpy)(2)(bpz) (2+) by Hydroquinones, N. V. Lebedeva, R. D. Schmidt, J. J. Concepcion, M. K. Brennaman, I. N. Stanton, M. J. Therien, T. J. Meyer, M. D. E. Forbes, J. Phys. Chem. A 2011, 115, 3346-3356.

Electron transfer reactions of rigid, cofacially compressed, pi-stacked porphyrin-bridge-quinone systems, Y. K. Kang, P. M. Iovine, M. J. Therien, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2011, 255, 804-824.

The Roles of Molecular Structure and Effective Optical Symmetry in Evolving Dipolar Chromophoric Building Blocks to Potent Octopolar Nonlinear Optical Chromophores, T. Ishizuka, L. E. Sinks, K. Song, S. T. Hung, A. Nayak, K. Clays, M. J. Therien, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 2884-2896.

2010

Supermolecular-Chromophore-Sensitized Near-Infrared-to-Visible Photon Upconversion, Singh-Rachford, T. N.; Nayak, A.; Muro-Small, M. L.; Goeb, S. b.; Therien, M. J.; Castellano, F. N., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 14203-14211.

De Novo Design and Molecular Assembly of a Transmembrane Diporphyrin-Binding Protein Complex, Korendovych, I. V.; Senes, A.; Kim, Y. H.; Lear, J. D.; Fry, H. C.; Therien, M. J.; Blasie, J. K.; Walker, F. A.; DeGrado, W. F.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15516-15518.

Phase Transfer Catalysts Drive Diverse Organic Solvent Solubility of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Helically Wrapped by Ionic, Semiconducting Polymers, Deria, P.; Sinks, L. E.; Park, T. H.; Tomezsko, D. M.; Brukman, M. J.; Bonnell, D. A.; Therien, M. J.  Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 4192-4199.

A Generalized System for Photo-Responsive Membrane Rupture in Polymersomes.N. P. Kamat, G. P. Robbins, J. Rawson, M. J. Therien, I. J. Dmochowski, and D. A. Hammer, Adv. Functional Mat. 2010(16), 2588-96.

Excitation of Highly Conjugated (Porphinato)palladium(II) and (Porphinato)platinum(II) Oligomers Produces Long-Lived, Triplet States at Unit Quantum Yield That Absorb Strongly over Broad Spectral Domains of the NIR, Duncan, T. V.; Frail, P. R.; Miloradovic, I. R.; Therien, M. J.  J. Phys. Chem. B 2010, 114, 14696-14702.

Tunable Leuko-polymersomes that Adhere Specifically to Inflammatory Markers, G. P. Robbins, R. L. Saunders, J. B. Haun, J. Rawson, M. J. Therien, and D. A. Hammer.  Langmuir. 2010(17), 14089-96.

Control of the Orientational Order and Nonlinear Optical Response of the “Push-Pull” Chromophore RuPZn via Specific Incorporation into Densely-Packed Monolayer Ensembles of an Amphiphilic 4-Helix Bundle Peptide: Characterization of the Cofactor-Peptide Complex in Monolayer Ensemble. V. Krishnan, A. Tronin, J. Strzalka, H. C. Fry, M. J. Therien, and J. K. Blasie.  J Am Chem Soc. 2010(32), 11083-92.

Control of the Orientational Order and Nonlinear Optical Response of the “Push-Pull” Chromophore RuPZn via Specific Incorporation into Densely-Packed Monolayer Ensembles of an Amphiphilic 4-Helix Bundle Peptide: Second Harmonic Generation at High Chromophore Densities. G. Gonella, H.-L. Dai, H. C. Fry, M. J. Therien, V. Krishnan, A. Tronin, and J. K Blasie.  J Am Chem Soc. 2010(28), 9693-700.

Predicting the Frequency Dispersion of Electronic Hyperpolarizabilities based on Absorption Data and Thomas-Kuhn Sum Rules, X. Hu, D. Xiao, S. Keinan, I. Asselberghs, M. J. Therien, K. Clays, W. Yang, and D. N. Beratan, J. Phys. Chem. C., 2010(114), 2349-2359.

Optimizing Single-Molecule Conductivity of Conjugated Organic Oligomers with Carbodithioate Linkers,” Yangjun Xing, Tae-Hong Park, Ravindra Venkatramani, Shahar Keinan, David N. Beratan, Michael J. Therien, Eric Borguet,  J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010(132), 7038-7048.

Computational Design and Elaboration of a de Novo Heterotetrameric alpha-Helical Protein That Selectively Binds an Emissive Abiological (Porphinato)zinc Chromophore, H. Christopher Fry, Andreas Lehmann, Jeffery G. Saven, William F. DeGrado, Michael J. Therien, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010(132), 3997-4005.

Plasmon-Induced Electrical Conduction in Molecular Devices, Parag Banerjee, David Conklin, Sanjini Nanayakkara, Tae-Hong Park, Michael J. Therien, Dawn A. Bonnell,  ACS Nano, 2010(4), 1019-1025.