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A Positive Stance on Happenstance

As I finish up my second day at COP29, I wanted to summarize my experience.

With zero sleep, I attended my first day of COP29. I made it a point to do the more “procedural” things first: obtaining my badge and water bottle, touring the pavilions and plenary areas of the Blue Zone, and creating my schedule for the d—

All of a sudden, I received a notification that that Duke’s appointment with the US Ambassador to Azerbaijan was actually not at the COP29 venue itself: it was at the US Embassy located in the city. With impassioned haste, I immediately went to the buses. I was looking forward to this speaker slot more than all the rest and I refused to miss it.

I eventually made it to the American embassy with my friends, Karimah and Kayla. After passing through the security screening, we had the pleasure of meeting with Ambassador Mark Libby, his staff, and a former Duke alumnus. Ambassador Libby was full of knowledge, and he was genuine and forthcoming in our conversation. To this point, the Ambassador meeting is the highlight of my trip. I learned so much about the intricacies of ambassadorship and the relationship between the US and Azerbaijan but also the relationship the US has with other actors in the region through Azerbaijan. After the conversation, which felt very exclusive, the Duke alum treated us to a delicious meal!

Then, much like Zeus, we harnessed Bolt. We returned to the venue, and we divided up to pursue our individual journeys. The first place I stopped was at the Just Transition booth; I listed to a discussion about what it would practically look like to have a “just transition.” The subject matter was something I am already somewhat well-versed in, so I was happy when I was able to learn a few things. I spoke briefly with some of the panelists afterwards who apologized for being unable to give me a pin. I did not know about this, but apparently pins are the very hot commodities at COPs! I then headed over to a booth that was a conglomerate of businesses, NGOs, and policy professionals specializing in energy storage. On a whim, I asked one of the pavilion attendants his thoughts on nuclear energy, and he gave me a wonderful twenty-minute-long conversation on the topic. I felt proud that I had some points to add to the conversation, and we ended up exchanging information at the end.

This interaction was the true exemplar for my second day at COP. Although I was certainly more intentional with my meandering, I chose to go with the flow and find events and negotiations I was interested in. As someone who is very cynical about the form and existence of COPs, I can say that, undeniably, my attendance has been worth it even if simply for the sake of these kinds of interactions.

By the way, the negotiation that I attended (the Sharm el-Sheikh mitigation ambition and implementation work programme informal dialogue) was a trainwreck. Apparently, a base draft (a product of multiple years) that had been essentially agreed to as a starting point suddenly found opposition before the negotiations, meaning that the delegates had to start from ground zero. They literally began by expressing their discontent for the aforementioned and then stating their principles for the preamble. The meeting was then cut short after Zimbabwe made a Point of Order to explain that this was unproductive and that everyone was tired. The Co-facilitator adjourned the meeting. The only truly notable thing that (really) happened was the South Korean delegate quoting The Art of War in his admonition of the delegates who nixed the draft base text.

What a life.

Today marked my first official day at COP29, and it has been nothing short of transformative. After arriving in the early hours of the morning, I managed only an hour of sleep before my adrenaline kicked in. Despite the exhaustion, the anticipation of what lay ahead fueled my excitement. By 8:30 AM, I was at the venue, utterly captivated by the sheer magnitude of the event. Delegates from all corners of the globe filled the space, yet everything operated seamlessly. Even with the vast number of attendees, obtaining my badge was a smooth and efficient process. 

The Blue Zone

The energy in the room was palpable. It was unlike anything I had experienced before—a convergence of power, influence, and determination to tackle one of humanity’s greatest challenges. As I made my way to the pavilion, my awe deepened. The space was a harmonious blend of art, science, and policy, each pavilion thoughtfully designed to showcase innovative solutions and groundbreaking ideas. With over a hundred pavilions, the sheer scale was overwhelming, but also incredibly inspiring. I stopped briefly at the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) pavilion, engaging in a conversation about the challenges they face in achieving these ambitious goals. The representatives were brimming with optimism and a sense of urgency, sharing tangible progress and innovative strategies. It was a hopeful exchange, one that reminded me of the profound potential of collective action. Their enthusiasm reignited my own hope—not just for the future of my career but for the future of our planet. 

Meeting with the US Ambassador 

My time at the pavilion was cut short by a meeting with the United States Ambassador to Azerbaijan, an experience that proved equally exhilarating. We were escorted to the U.S. Embassy, where we relinquished all electronic devices before entering a secure meeting room. The discussion that followed was both enlightening and thought-provoking. The Ambassador shared insights into the complex history of U.S.-Azerbaijan relations and highlighted how hosting an event of this magnitude could bolster a nation’s political influence on the global stage. I’ve never met an ambassador before and the breath of knowledge he possessed was amazing. My favorite quote (not a direct quote)  in response to the evolving  economy in belief to  was “The economy is not like a stray cat, its  swarm of bees with many players. There’s so many players so a couple players will not sway the entire economy. ” It was fascinating to witness diplomacy in action, and even more special to connect with a Duke alumnus present at the meeting. He generously treated us to lunch, where we enjoyed delicious local cuisine and exchanged perspectives on how COP29 compares to previous conferences.

Upon returning to the Blue Zone, I faced the difficult decision of choosing between revisiting the pavilion and attending a series of compelling sessions. Ultimately, my focus on technology and innovation in climate solutions guided my choice. These sessions underscored the critical role of emerging technologies in addressing climate change and offered practical pathways to a more sustainable future. The session “UNFCCC TEC Technology Day on Transformative Industry” offered unique perspectives on decarbonizing the construction industry. In the power sector, overall emissions, but in the assembling. Another key message is that T that Countries need the right level of ambition for NDC but hold industries accountable, and I completely agree

Navigating such an expansive event can be daunting, particularly as someone outside the realm of public policy. However, I am fortunate to be part of a cohort that is both knowledgeable and supportive. Our teaching assistants—Gabriela, Dima, Vanessa, and Sameer—have been invaluable in helping us make the most of this experience. Their guidance and encouragement provide a sense of belonging and confidence as I continue to explore the vast opportunities at COP29. I am eager to learn, grow, and find my place in this dynamic space.

I got lost in the streets of Baku and I quickly discovered the warmth and hospitality of the people. Despite the language barrier, people were friendly and eager to help, allowing me to smoothly correct my way to the Stadium and enjoy the views that this monumental city offers. Upon arriving at the Stadium, I could feel the mixed energy that permeated the venue. There was the enthusiasm from those starting their participation and the cautious realism of those entering their second week, but in all cases, we are not naïve. We are aware of the challenges ahead.

As I strolled through the Delegations Pavilion, I was struck by the diverse array of exhibits and discussions that were taking place. The Pavilion buzzed with activity and still struggling with the effects of the travel, I looked for a place where to grab and order my ideas in that moment, so I headed to the Special Events area, eager to attend some technology-related sessions. One event in particular, “Sports for Climate Action,” turned out great, even though I initially was there just waiting for the next event.

The event was structured into three distinct panels, each shedding light on different aspects of the intersection between sports and climate action. The first panel featured high-level experts from organizations such as the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA), the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), FIFA, Real Betis, and Liverpool Football Club. These experts discussed their strategies for reducing emissions within their supply chains and addressed various event-related challenges posed by climate change. Topics included plans and strategies for mobilization, waste management, and the sustainable use of energy and water resources.

The second panel brought together officials from the Panama Ministry of Environment, the Brazil Ministry of Sports, and an expert from the International Transport Forum at the OECD. We could tell how the insights and priorities related to climate change were different from the first panel. Although they have clarity on their importance for economic factors, it was not about the events anymore. This time it was the policy addressing climate change’s problems to athletes, teams, organizers, and fans.

The final panel featured testimonials from athletes such as Katie Rood, Eroni Leilua, Sofie Junge Pedersen, David Rudisha, Sam Mattis, and Pragnya Mohan. These athletes shared their personal experiences of how climate change has directly or indirectly impacted their communities, training, and participation in sports. From this last panel, I would underscore the urgent need for human-centered approaches when addressing climate change.

From all the different insights shared during the event, it became clear that addressing climate change requires comprehensive and inclusive strategies. I hope COP29 act upon this need for a holistic approach. And, well, next days are to monitor some of the negotiations…

 After an exhausting journey that included a 12-hour layover in Frankfurt and a delayed flight, I arrived at our Airbnb in Baku at 5 a.m.—physically drained but excited about what the day would bring. Although I didn’t get into the Blue Zone until mid-afternoon, the few hours I spent at COP29 on my first day were enough to leave me both inspired and impressed!

Session 1: Regional Collaboration for Climate Action 

The first session I attended, “Regional Collaboration to Accelerate Climate Action and the Implementation of the Paris Agreement,” offered a fascinating look at how regional cooperation can drive meaningful climate solutions.

One of the key takeaways was the importance of tailoring solutions to fit local needs, even within shared regional challenges. Transparency was highlighted as a cornerstone of effective climate action, with Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs) serving as a foundation for credible Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

A standout moment came from a speaker representing the Pacific subregion, whose remarks were both powerful and pragmatic. He stressed that regional organizations in the Pacific are already strong and should be leveraged instead of replaced by external programs. He also called attention to the critical need for funding to be aligned with environmental goals, pointing out the contradiction of trillions of dollars flowing into activities that harm the planet.

 Session 2: Small Farmers and the Bioeconomy 

The second session, “Agriculture Practiced by Small Farmers: Regenerative Techniques as an Essential Agent in Mitigating Climate Change,” was particularly exciting because it connected directly to my master thesis on sustainable agriculture and water scarcity in Brazil.

The panel underscored the immense value of small-scale farmers—who number over 500 million globally—in promoting regenerative practices that enhance resilience and mitigate climate change. From nitrogen-fixing plants to bioeconomy innovations like bioethanol and biogas, the session illustrated how these farmers could drive sustainability while addressing issues like supply chain disruptions and unpredictable weather.

Brazil stood out as a model, with programs like the “A Million Cisterns” initiative providing water to family farmers and fostering resilience. The session also showcased how farmers can adopt regenerative practices to store carbon in soil and adapt to unpredictable weather patterns, thereby creating more sustainable systems.

The highlight of the session was my interaction with Francisco Mello, a climate change specialist from the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture. I had the chance to speak with him about my thesis, and he generously offered to share resources that could strengthen my research. This moment reminded me of the incredible opportunities COP offers for connecting academic work with real-world expertise.

Exploring the Green Zone 

Between sessions, I explored the Green Zone, which was an inspiring showcase of global creativity and collaboration. The exhibits were vibrant and diverse, reflecting the innovative spirit of climate solutions and providing a refreshing counterbalance to the intense discussions in the Blue Zone.

 Reflections 

My first day at COP29 may have been short, but it was nothing short of transformative. The sessions were insightful, the speakers brought new perspectives, and the connections I made were invaluable. The Pacific subregion speaker’s emphasis on leveraging local frameworks and Francisco Mello’s encouragement for my research were moments that stood out and inspired me to think more deeply about my work and its broader context.

I am looking forward to the rest of the conference, eager to build on this strong start and continue exploring the intersections of policy, science, and action in addressing the global climate crisis.

The opening day of COP29, the 29th annual Conference of the Parties under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), was a whirlwind—a storm of jet lag, uncertainty, and a steep learning curve. Over the course of 72 hours of travel, I had managed a mere six hours of sleep, only to find myself thrust into the epicenter of global climate policy. As an environmental engineer focused on global health, I knew this conference would be crucial to shaping the future of my work. What I didn’t anticipate was how lost I would feel on Day 1.

Navigating Day 1: A Lesson in Overwhelm

My work revolves around protecting water quality post-disaster, a task made more challenging by the escalating intensity of storms driven by climate change. I knew that addressing this issue required an understanding of policy frameworks like the UNFCCC. But as I stepped into COP29 armed with a two-week blue zone badge and a loose plan to absorb everything, I quickly realized that my expectations were unrealistic.

The sheer scale of the conference was intimidating. High-level negotiations buzzed alongside dynamic pavilion presentations and intimate side events. My engineering background left me ill-prepared for the intricate policy language and the complex landscape of stakeholders.

Rather than diving into meaningful sessions, I spent most of Day 1 simply wandering, overwhelmed by the enormity of the task ahead. I felt isolated, unable to connect my technical expertise with the broader policy discussions unfolding around me. Day 1 ended with me feeling more out of place than ever.

Turning the Tide on Day 2

Day 2, however, was a revelation. It began with a RINGO (Research and Independent Non-Governmental Organizations) meeting, which provided me with a clearer understanding of COP logistics. This was a game-changer. I secured tickets for specific events and gained insights into navigating the conference more effectively.

From there, I attended a U.S. delegation briefing, where I encountered other students who were just as eager to learn and contribute. Sharing experiences and strategies with peers transformed my experience, offering me a newfound sense of belonging.

The most transformative moment of the day came when I pushed myself to network—a skill I’ve historically found uncomfortable. I approached individuals who seemed too important or experienced to have time for someone like me, only to discover their willingness to engage. These conversations opened doors to invaluable advice about integrating science into policy, reinforcing the idea that every voice has a place in these discussions.

Joint Panel on Methane and Non-CO₂ Greenhouse Gases

A highlight of Day 2 was attending the joint panel discussion co-hosted by Azerbaijan, China, and the United States, focusing on methane and other non-CO₂ greenhouse gases. This session underscored the critical need to address all emissions, that significantly contribute to global warming. The collaboration between these major emitters signaled a unified approach to tackling climate super pollutants, emphasizing the importance of immediate action and international cooperation.

Opening Statements from Countries

The opening statements from various countries set the tone for COP29. President Mukhtar Babayev of Azerbaijan urged decisive action, stating that climate change is already causing suffering and needs immediate leadership and action. UNFCCC Climate Chief Simon Stiell stressed the necessity of setting a new global climate finance goal, warning that without adequate funding, both emissions reduction and global economic stability are at risk. These statements highlighted the urgency and collective responsibility required to address the climate crisis.

Lessons Learned

Day 2 taught me that preparation and connection are key to making the most of COP. While Day 1 left me floundering in unfamiliar jargon and an overwhelming schedule, Day 2 was about grounding myself—finding people who could guide me and sessions that aligned with my goals.

Most importantly, stepping out of my comfort zone allowed me to grow. Socializing with professionals, initiating conversations, and building a network weren’t just necessary—they were empowering.

Looking Ahead

As I continue my journey at COP29, I’m carrying forward the lessons from my chaotic first day and my illuminating second day. I’m learning how to navigate the intersection of science and policy, how to advocate for issues like water quality in the context of climate resilience, and how to use this experience to shape my career.

COP29 isn’t just a conference—it’s a microcosm of the challenges and opportunities that come with addressing global climate change. And as I move forward, I’m reminded that even in the most overwhelming situations, persistence, adaptability, and connection can transform confusion into clarity.