A list of \(100\) genes are known to be part of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.
My friend a molecular biologist screened the activity of \(5000\) genes in both diabetics and normal individuals.
He/she found \(500\) genes that were more active in normal individuals than diabetics.
Of these genes \(60\) of them belong to the list of genes that are part of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.
What is the probability of this even happening randomly ? What is the scientific question behind the probability problem ?
