Instead of focusing on the coverage of vaccinations, this modelling study examines the change in vaccine confidence among 149 countries over a time period from 2015 to 2019 (Figure 1). The trends of vaccine confidence across the countries are shown through anon-parametric model with multiple classifications of safety, importance, and effectiveness of vaccines. The survey respondents answered either “strongly agree” or “strongly disagree” in these three classifications of vaccine confidence. The recognition of change in the vaccine confidence level highlights the possible determinants of vaccine uptake. For example, from Figure 2, Japan had the lowest vaccine confidence compared to the other countries, which may be associated with the public’s questioning of the safety of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine which started in 2013.