The Dangers Behind Declined Fertility Rate: Unintended Pregnancies and Unsafe Abortions

Author: Galiya Kaidarova

Figure 5. Global annual rates of unintended pregnancy and abortion per 1000 women aged between 15–49 years.

Nowadays people around the world have fewer children. The global fertility rate has declined from 3.2 childbirths per woman in 1990 to 2.5 in 2019. Access to contraception and profound changes in childbearing intentions are the reasons for the global decline in fertility rate. However, some women do not have access to contraceptives or experience method failure when they want to avoid pregnancy, thus they have to have an abortion.

According to Jonathan Bearak and colleagues’ study, the global unintended pregnancy rate has declined, while the percentage of unintended pregnancies ending in abortion has increased since the early 1990s. As a result of this, the global abortion rate today almost equals the rate back in the 1990s. This study model is illuminating the fact that “an increase in the use of effective contraceptive methods contributed to a reduction in the incidence of unintended pregnancies, despite an impressive increase in the need for family planning over the past three decades due to changing fertility preferences”. Vladimira Kantorova believes that the study should also consider analyzing the countries where reducing the incidence of unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions was successful in order to learn from these achievements. Moreover, countries with high population growth will continue to require an expansion of sexual and reproductive health-care services.  

Unintended pregnancies and abortions have serious consequences for women’s sexual and reproductive health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, access to sexual and reproductive health-care services cannot be neglected. Otherwise, the incidence of unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions are likely to increase.  

References:

 Figure retrieved from: Bearak J., Popinchalk A., Ganatra B. et al., Unintended pregnancy and abortion: what does it tell us about reproductive health and autonomy? doi10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30315-6

Article Title: Unintended pregnancy and abortion: what does it tell us about reproductive health and autonomy? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32710832/