Let \(B_t\) be a standard Brownian Motion  starting from zero and define

\[ p(t,x) = \frac1{\sqrt{2\pi t}}e^{-\frac{x^2}{2t} } \]

Given any \(x \in \mathbf R \), define \(X_t=x + B_t\) . Of course \(X_t\) is just a Brownian Motion stating from \(x\) at time 0. Fixing a smooth, bounded, compactly supported function \(f:\mathbf R \rightarrow \mathbf R\), we define the function \(u(x,t)\) by

\[u(x,t) = \mathbf E_x f(X_t)\]

where we have decorated the expectation with the subscript \(x\) to remind us that we are starting from the point \(x\).

1. Explain why \[ u(x,t) = \int_{\infty}^\infty f(y)p(t,x-y)dy\]
2. Show by direct calculation using the formula from the previous question that for \(t>0\), \(u(x,t)\) satisfies the diffusion equation
   \[ \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}= c\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}\]
   for some constant \(c\). (Find the correct \(c\) !)
3. Again using the formula from part 1), show that
   \[ \lim_{t \rightarrow 0} u(t,x) = f(x)\]
   and hence the initial condition for the diffusion equation is \(f\).