Planetary Gear System

A planetary gear system is useful in applications that demand “high torque density, operational efficiency, and durability” [3]. The gear set is relatively simple, using a sun gear, planet gears, and ring gear. In the WE-R2.4 application, the sun gear is driven by a NEMA 17 motor and rotates the planet gears, which turn the ring gear. The advantage of planetary gears is the ability to produce high torque, as the load is shared amongst the planet gears [2]. Manufacturing planetary gears can be difficult and require precision manufacturing [gearmotions]. However, a working system can be 3D printed with plastic filament.

For WE-R2.4, the large planetary gear systems move the lower joints (base and bottom arm segment) of the WE-R2.4 robot, a.k.a. “Armbot 1.0.” After assessing the system, it became clear that vibrations from the motor were causing noise and suboptimal gear performance. The gasket below solved the issue, as seen in Figure 2, along with some petroleum jelly applied to the sun and planet gears. Figure 3 shows the fully repaired robot. Before applying any lubricant to plastic pieces, be sure to reference guides online for what ingredients are incompatible with plastic. Consider the “chemistry (base oil, thickeners, and additives), viscosity, and aging resistance” [2].

Figure 1: CAD file of a gasket for NEMA 17 motor.

Figure 2: The planetary gear system on the base of WE-R2.4 after lubricating the gears and adding a gasket.

Figure 3: Demonstration of the improved joint movement.

References

[1] Engineering Essentials: Lubrication Tips for Plastic Gears and More (Part 2). Machine Design. https://www.machinedesign.com/motors-drives/article/21831576/engineering-essentials-lubrication-tips-for-plastic-gears-and-more-part-2

[2] Gianattasio, Richard (2000). The Fundamentals of Planetary Gear Systems. Gear Motions. https://gearmotions.com/fundamentals-planetary-gear-systems/

[3] Planetary Gears: Principles Of Operation. Lancereal. https://www.lancereal.com/planetary-gears-principles-of-operation/