Introduction

Lasser P (1999) Challenges and Opportunities: A Handbook for Teachers of Students with Special Needs with a Focus on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. A Vancouver School Board Publication, p. 145.

Sampson PD, Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Little RE, Clarren SK, Dehaene P, Hanson JW, Graham Jr. JM (1997) Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder . Teratology 56:317-326.

Streissguth AP (1997) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Guide for Families and Communities. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing, p. 208.

Streissguth AP, Kanter J (1997) The Challenges of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Overcoming Secondary Disabilities. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press.

The “4 Digit Code” for diagnosing FASD was developed at the University of Washington in Seattle.  The FAS Diagnostic and Prevention Network uses this 4-digit code for diagnosing FASD in several states.  A list of the clinics is found at FASD Clinics using 4-digit code

Chapter 1

Streissguth AP (1997) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Guide for Families and Communities. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.

Streissguth, AP, Aase JM, Clarren SK, Randels SP, LaDue RA, and Smith DF (1991) Fetal Alcohol syndrome in adolescents and adults. JAMA 265:1961-1967.

Sulik KK, Johnston MC, and Webb MNA (1981) Fetal alcohol syndrome: embryogenesis in a mouse model. Science 214:936-938.

Chapter 2

Goldschmidt L, Richardson GA, Stoffer DS, Geva D, and Day NL (1996) Prenatal alcohol exposure and adacemic achievement at age six: A nonlinear fit. Alcoholism: Clin Exper Res. 20:763-770.

Lagercrantz H and Herlenius E (2002) The Newborn Brain, in Fetal Brain Development., ed. H Lagercrantz, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 139-163.

Streissguth AP (1997) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Guide for Families and Communities. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.

Streissguth AP, Barr HM, and Sampson PD (1990) Moderate prenatal alcohol exposure: Effects on child IQ and learning problems at age 7 years. Alcoholism: Clin. Exper. Res. 14:662-669.

Chapter 3

Bookstein FL, Streissguth AP, Sampson PD, Connor PD, and Barr HM (2002) Corpus callosum shape and neuropsychological deficits in adult males with heavy fetal alcohol exposure. NeuroImage 15:233-251.

Dunty WE Jr, Chen SY, Zucker RM, Dehart DB, and Sulik KK (2001) Selective vulnerability of embryonic cell populations to ethanol-induced apoptosis: implications for alcohol-related birth defects and neurodevelop- mental disorder. Alcoholism: Clin. Exper. Res. 25:1523-1535.

Ferrer I, Galofre E (1987) Dendritic spine anomalies in fetal alcohol syndrome. Neuropediatrics, 18:161-163.

Ikonomidou C, Bittigau P, Ishimaru MJ, et al. (2000) Ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration and fetal
alcohol syndrome. Science 287:1056-1060.

Lagercrantz H and Herlenius E (2002) The Newborn Brain, in Fetal Brain Development., ed. H Lagercrantz,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 139-163.

Roebuck TM, Mattson SN, and Riley EP (1998) A review of the neuroanatomical findings in children with
fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 22:339-344.

Sowell ER, Mattson SN, Hompson PM, Jernigan TL, Riley EP and Toga AW (2001) Mapping callosal morphology and cognitive correlates. Effects of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Neurology 57:235-244.

Sulik KK, Johnston MC, and Webb MNA (1981) Fetal alcohol syndrome: embryogenesis in a mouse model.
Science 214:936-938.

Chapter 4

Conry J (1996) Teaching Students with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Effects: A Resource Guide for Teachers. Victoria, British Columbia: Ministry of Education, Skills and Training. http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/specialed/fas/welcome.htm.

Copeland B, Rutman D (October 1996) Young Adults with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome of Fetal Alcohol Effects: Experiences, Needs and Support Strategies. Victoria, British Columbia: University of Victoria, School of Social Work, pp. 19, 23, 24, 61.

Dorris M (1989) The Broken Cord. New York, New York: Harper & Row.

Kleinfeld J, Wescott S, (1993) Fantastic Antone Succeeds!: Experiences in Educating Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Anchorage, Alaska: University of Alaska Press, p. 188.

Kleinfeld J, Morse B, Wescott S, (2000) Fantastic Antone Grows Up. Anchorage, Alaska: University of Alaska Press.

Lasser, P (1999) Challenges and Opportunities: A Handbook for Teachers of Students with Special Needs with a Focus on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. A Vancouver School Board Publication.

Malbin D (1993) Fetal Alcohol Syndorme and Fetal Alcohol Effects: Strategies for Professionals. Center City, Minnesota: Hazelden Educational Materials.

McCreight B (1997) Recognizing and Managing Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects: A Guidebook. Washington, DC: CWLA Press.

Soby JM (1994) Prenatal Exposure to Drugs/Alcohol: Characteristics and Educational Implications of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Cocaine/Polydrug Effects. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.

Streissguth AP, “Personal Communication” May 17, 2003.

Streissguth AP (1997) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Guide for Families and Communities. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.

Streissguth AP and Kanter J (1997) The Challenges of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Overcoming Secondary Disabilities. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press, p. 188.

Other:

Guidelines of Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects. Minnestota Department of Health, 1999.

Chapter 5

Berg S, Kinsey K, Lutke J, and Wheway D (1997) Dear World: We have Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Surrey, British Columbia: FAS/E Support Network of B.C.

Bologlu L, “Executive Functioning: A Neurological Perspective”. Seminar presentation, San Francisco, CA, April 5, 2003.

Conry J (1996) Teaching Students with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Effects: A Resource Guide for Teachers. Victoria, British Columbia: Ministry of Education, Skills and Training. http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/specialed/fas/welcome.htm, http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/specialed/fas/charstu.htm.

Copeland B, Rutman D (October 1996) Young Adults with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome of Fetal Alcohol Effects: Experiences, Needs and Support Strategies. University of Victoria, School of Social Work, Victoria, BC, pp. 13,14, 21, 73.

Dorris M (1989) The Broken Cord. New York, New York: Harper & Row.

Kleinfeld J, Wescott S, (1993) Fantastic Antone Succeeds!: Experiences in Educating Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Anchorage, Alaska: University of Alaska Press, pp. 32, 81, 207.

Kleinfeld J, Morse B, Wescott S, (2000) Fantastic Antone Grows Up. Anchorage, Alaska: University of Alaska Press, pp. 14, 39, 140.

Kodituwakku PW, Kalberg W, and May PA, The Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposures on Executive Functioning. NIAAA Publication.

Kulp L and Kulp J (2000) The Best I Can Be: Living with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Effects. Brooklyn Park, Minnesota: Better Endings New Beginnings.

Lasser, P (1999) Challenges and Opportunities: A Handbook for Teachers of Students with Special Needs with a Focus on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. A Vancouver School Board Publication, pp.80, 91.

McCreight B (1997) Recognizing and Managing Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects: A Guidebook. Washington, DC: CWLA Press, pp. 15, 16, 27.

Malbin D (1993) Fetal Alcohol Syndorme and Fetal Alcohol Effects: Strategies for Professionals. Center City, Minnesota: Hazelden Educational Materials, p. 15, 23, 24.

Miles TR and Miles E (1997) Dyslexia and Mathematics. London: Routledge.

Richard G and Hoge DR (1999) The Source for Syndromes. East Moline, Illinois: LinguiSystems, Inc., pp. 55- 64.

Soby JM (1994) Prenatal Exposure to Drugs/Alcohol: Characteristics and Educational Implications of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Cocaine/Polydrug Effects. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.

Streissguth AP (1997) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Guide for Families and Communities. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.

Streissguth AP and Kanter J (1997) The Challenges of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Overcoming Secondary Disabilities. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press.

Multisensory Learning Tools:

Reading Skills

Lexia: a literacy improvement and assessment program

Read Naturally: a research-based reading intervention

Don Johnson’s Start-to-Finish Library: reading resources to strengthen fluency and comprehension

Lindamood Bell: a program to develop skills for reading comprehension

REWARDS: a reading and writing intervention to aid adolescent struggling learners

Orton Gillingham’s Literacy Program: a program designed for struggling readers (at the word level)

Electronic Text (E-text) and Narrated Audiobooks

Bookshare: an accessible online library; eligibility required

Learning Ally: support for dyslexia and learning disabilities; eligibility required

National Library Service: resource for the blind and physically handicapped; eligibility required

Amazon Kindle: also see “Immersion Reading” in “Listening to Recorded Audiobooks”

Audible: an Amazon resource for audiobooks

Kurzweil 3000: an educational technology that targets reading, comprehension, and writing (Mac & PC)

Overdrive Media Console: an application designed to borrow digital audiobooks and e-books from local libraries

Written Language and Spelling

Explode the Code: a phonics best-seller

Spelling City: a research-based vocabulary supplement

Four Square Writing Method: a simplified graphic organizer for teaching writing

Razzle Dazzle Writing: teaches 50 key writing target skills

Kidspiration Software: a visual tool focused on words, numbers, and concepts (Mac & PC)

Google Docs, MAC, and IPhone dictation: feature to type with your voice

MAC text to speech: hear your MAC speak text

Handwriting Without Tears: a complete handwriting curriculum for students

Callirobics: handwriting therapy set to music for children and adults

White boards and markers: traditional learning tools

Pathways for Learning: a program committed to increasing writing literacy

Thinking Organized:  teaches strategies to improve intellectual productivity

Math

MILE (Math Interactive Learning Experience): improving math and behavior in alcohol affected kids

Making Math Real: provides comprehensive professional development for parents, educators and institutions

Times Alive: fun way to teach all times tables 0s through 9s with animated stories and songs (CDs available on Amazon at reduced cost)

Touch Math: a multisensory tool that provides a positive introduction to math

Kidspiration-Math View (Mac & PC): a program that uses visual learning to enhance math skills

Khan Academy: a website consisting of free online lectures in almost every realm of academics

Graph paper: helpful when drawing graphs and writing complex equations

Colored Markers: helpful when drawing graphs and organizing a math problem

Manipulatives

Base 10 blocks: hands-on way for kids to learn basic math concepts

Unifix cube: stackable blocks for learning math concepts

Tangrams: a geometric puzzle

Attribute blocks: help children learn color and shape concepts

Playing cards: help children learn math concepts through games

Flashcards: help children study math

Play money/coins: help children learn money concepts

Geometric patterns: introduce children to geometry

Clocks: help children learn and simulate time

Visual timers: help children visualize time

Counters: help children develop visual ways of representing math skills

Math games: allow children to play and learn math simultaneously

Other:

Guidelines of Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects. Minnestota Department of Health, 1999.

Intervening with Children Affected by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Proceedings of a Special Focus Session of the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Chevy Chase, Maryland, September 10 -11, 1998.

Chapter 6

Berg S, Kinsey K, Lutke J, and Wheway D (1997) Dear World: We Have Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Surrey, British Columbia: FAS/E Support Network of British Columbia.

Conry J (1996) Teaching Students with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Effects: A Resource Guide for Teachers. Victoria, British Columbia: Ministry of Education, Skills and Training. http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/specialed/fas/welcome.htm.

Copeland B and Rutman D (October 1996) Young Adults with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome of Fetal Alcohol Effects: Experiences, Needs and Support Strategies. Victoria, British Columbia: University of Victoria, School of Social Work, p. 74.

Dorris M (1989) The Broken Cord. New York, New York: Harper & Row.

Kleinfeld J, Wescott S, (1993) Fantastic Antone Succeeds!: Experiences in Educating Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Anchorage, Alaska: University of Alaska Press.

Kleinfeld J, Morse B, Wescott S, (2000) Fantastic Antone Grows Up. Anchorage, Alaska: University of Alaska Press, pp.148, 149, 308.

Kulp L and Kulp J (2000) The Best I Can Be: Living with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Effects. Brooklyn Park, Minnesota: Better Endings New Beginnings, p.40.

Lasser, P (1999) Challenges and Opportunities: A Handbook for Teachers of Students with Special Needs with a Focus on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. A Vancouver School Board Publication, pp. 62, 108, 115, 126, 127.

Malbin D (1993) Fetal Alcohol Syndorme and Fetal Alcohol Effects: Strategies for Professionals. Center City, Minnesota: Hazelden Educational Materials, p. 16, 17, 30.

McCreight B (1997) Recognizing and Managing Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects: A Guidebook. Washington, DC: CWLA Press, p. 34.

Richard G and Hoge DR (1999) The Source for Syndromes. East Moline, Illinois: LinguiSystems, Inc., pp. 55-64.

Soby JM (1994) Prenatal Exposure to Drugs/Alcohol: Characteristics and Educational Implications of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Cocaine/Polydrug Effects. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.

Streissguth AP (1997) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Guide for Families and Communities. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing, p. 85.

Streissguth AP and Kanter J (1997) The Challenges of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Overcoming Secondary Disabilities. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.

Other

Guidelines of Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects. Minnestota Department of Health, 1999.

Intervening with Children Affected by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Proceedings of a Special Focus Session of the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Chevy Chase, Maryland, September 10 -11, 1998.

Chapter 7 and 8

Kleinfeld J, Morse B, and Wescott S (2000) Fantastic Antone Grows Up. University of Alaska Press, Anchorage, AK.

Kleinfeld J and Wesott S (1993) Fantastic Antone Succeeds!: Experiences in Educating Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: University of Alaska Press, Anchorage, AK.

McCarney S, Wunderlich KC, and Bauer AM (1993) Pre-Referral Intervention Manual. Columbia, Missouri: Hawthorne Educational Services, Inc.

Intervening with Children Affected by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Proceedings of a Special Focus Session of the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Chevy Chase, Maryland, September 10- 11, 1998.

Chapter 9

Copeland B and Rutman D (October 1996) Young Adults with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome of Fetal Alcohol Effects: Experiences, Needs and Support Strategies. Victoria, British Columbia: University of Victoria, School of Social Work, pp. 57, 74.

Richard G and Hoge DR (1999) The Source for Syndromes. East Moline, Illinois: LinguiSystems, Inc., pp. 55-64.

Lasser, P (1999) Challenges and Opportunities: A Handbook for Teachers of Students with Special Needs with a Focus on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. A Vancouver School Board Publication.

Streissguth AP, (1997) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Guide for Families and Communities. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing, pp. 207, 298, 215.

Guidelines of Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects, St. Paul, Minnesota Department of Health, 1999.

Recommended School Resources

Berg S, Kinsey K, Lutke J, Wheway D, (1995) FASNET Screening Tools. Surrey, British Columbia: The FAS/E Support Network.

Conry J. (1998) Teaching Students with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Effects: A Resource Guide for Teachers. Victoria, British Columbia: Ministry of Education, Skills and Training.

Dorris M, (1989) The Broken Cord. New York, New York: Harper & Row.

Kleinfeld J, Wescott S, (1993) Fantastic Antone Succeeds!: Experiences in Educating Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Anchorage, Alaska: University of Alaska Press.

Kleinfeld J, Morse B, Wescott S, (2000) Fantastic Antone Grows Up. Anchorage, Alaska: University of Alaska Press.

Lasser P, (1999) Challenges and Opportunities: A Handbook for Teachers of Students with Special Needs with a Focus on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. A Vancouver School Board Publication.

McCreight B, (1997) Recognizing and Managing Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects: A Guidebook. Washington, DC: CWLA Press.

Streissguth A, (1997) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Guide for Families and Communities. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.

Guidelines of Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects. St. Paul, Minnesota Department of Health, 1999.

Resources for children and their families:

Berg S, Kinsey K, Lutke J and Wheway D (1997) Surrey, British Columbia: FAS Support Network of B.C.

• Dear World: We Have Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
• So Your Child Has FAS/E: What You Need To Know
• My Name is Amanda and I Have Fetal Alcohol Effects – A Book For Young Children with FAS/E

Organizations:

March of Dimes
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100

National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
1815 H Street, NW, Suite 750
Washington, DC 20006
1-800-66-NOFAS

Internet:

http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/FASDFactsheet/FASD.pdf
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/research/major-initiatives/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca
on-line version of the B.C. Ministry Guide, Teaching Students with FAS: A Resource Guide for Teachers.

http://www.nofas.org/about-fasd/
National Organization of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

http://www.marchofdimes.org/
March of Dimes

http://fascenter.samhsa.gov/documents/WYNKTeachersTips2.pdf
FASD: Tips for Elementary School Teachers

http://www.fascenter.samhsa.gov/
A comprehensive website devoted to prevention and treatment of FASD

https://depts.washington.edu/fasdpn/htmls/nationwide.htm 
A list of nationwide clinics that use the 4-Digit Code for diagnosing FASD

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_Alcohol_Spectrum_Disorder
An excellent review of FASD, including a discussion about the terminology and diagnosis

Videos:

Helping Families, Helping Children
Part 1 & Part 2
FAS Bookshelf, Inc.
#438-6540 E. Hastings Street
Burnaby, B.C. V5B 4Z5
(604) 942-2024

What is FAS?
Perennial Education
930 Pitner Avenue
Evanston, IL 60202
Phone: 1-300-323-9084

One For My Baby
AIMS Media
6901 Woodley Avenue
Van Nuys, CA 91405-4878

Straight from the Heart
Vida Health Communications
6 Bigelow Street
Cambridge, MA 02139

Newsletters:

FAS and Other Drugs Update
Prevention Resource Center
822 South College Street
Springfield, IL 62704

The Iceberg
P.O. Box 95597
Seattle, WA 98145-2597